Serialization: replace `findfirst`-esque loop with static lookup table (#61730)

for to make that we get better performance

no tags are changed, just the way we compute them.

```julia
julia> using Serialization, BenchmarkTools

julia> syms  = [Symbol("sym_$i") for i in 1:5_000];

julia> types = repeat(Type[Int, Float64, String, Symbol, Bool, Module, Tuple, Array], 500);

# PR
julia> @benchmark serialize(buf, $syms) setup = (buf = IOBuffer())
BenchmarkTools.Trial: 10000 samples with 1 evaluation per sample.
 Range (min … max):  232.000 μs …  1.445 ms  ┊ GC (min … max): 0.00% … 79.35%
 Time  (median):     244.500 μs              ┊ GC (median):    0.00%
 Time  (mean ± σ):   254.755 μs ± 69.008 μs  ┊ GC (mean ± σ):  3.03% ±  7.87%

julia> @benchmark serialize(buf, $types) setup = (buf = IOBuffer())
BenchmarkTools.Trial: 10000 samples with 1 evaluation per sample.
 Range (min … max):  227.916 μs …  2.377 ms  ┊ GC (min … max): 0.00% … 0.00%
 Time  (median):     239.042 μs              ┊ GC (median):    0.00%
 Time  (mean ± σ):   243.924 μs ± 42.565 μs  ┊ GC (mean ± σ):  0.58% ± 3.23%
```
vs master
```julia
julia> @benchmark serialize(buf, $syms) setup = (buf = IOBuffer())
BenchmarkTools.Trial: 9629 samples with 1 evaluation per sample.
 Range (min … max):  475.250 μs … 70.392 ms  ┊ GC (min … max): 0.00% … 99.26%
 Time  (median):     494.042 μs              ┊ GC (median):    0.00%
 Time  (mean ± σ):   517.532 μs ±  1.010 ms  ┊ GC (mean ± σ):  4.23% ±  5.37%

julia> @benchmark serialize(buf, $types) setup = (buf = IOBuffer())
BenchmarkTools.Trial: 10000 samples with 1 evaluation per sample.
 Range (min … max):  265.084 μs …  5.768 ms  ┊ GC (min … max): 0.00% … 94.76%
 Time  (median):     275.791 μs              ┊ GC (median):    0.00%
 Time  (mean ± σ):   279.091 μs ± 61.669 μs  ┊ GC (mean ± σ):  0.72% ±  3.53%
```

draft written by claude and then substantial fixes + rewritten by me.