feat: add euler primality test (#6680)

* feat: add euler primality test

* refactor: use fixed seed

* fix: more unit test coverage

* fix: add mock tests for edge cases

* fix: styling issues

* refactor: remove duplicate tests

* refactor: reduce static imports

* refactor: remove unnecessary tests

* refactor: move to maths package

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Co-authored-by: a <alexanderklmn@gmail.com>