resource_scope: Propagate source location tracking (#24221)

# Objective

Part of #16775

If a resource is mutated in `resource_scope`, store the tracked source
location.

## Showcase

This used to print the location of the `insert_resource` call; it now
prints the location of the `deref_mut` call:
```rust
#[derive(Resource)]
struct A;
let mut world = World::new();
world.insert_resource(A);
world.resource_scope::<A, _>(|_, mut a| {
    a.deref_mut();
});
dbg!(world.resource_ref::<A>().changed_by());
```