[Styles API] Refactor the Styles API

This change refactors the experimental Styles API into two independent
pieces: the Styles DSL and the modifiers that are configured by the
DSL.

Follow-up CLs will deprecate the previous API and remove it before the
Styles API becomes stable.

Relnote: """
This change refactors the Styles API into two independent pieces: the
Styles DSL and the modifiers that are configured by the DSL.

The previous `Style`-based implementation was re-implemented on the new
system. Existing uses of `styleable` and `Style` should move to the new
API as `Style` and `styleable` will be deprecated and removed.

Key components introduced:
 - `CustomStyle` & `CommonStyle`: Base interfaces and merging helpers
   for declaring composable styles.
 - `StyleResolver`: Resolves style properties in composition and binds
   to layout nodes via `Modifier.styleResolver`.
 - Modifier scopes: `Modifier.appearance`, `Modifier.placement`, and
   dynamic callback-based `Modifier.padding` and
   `Modifier.graphicsLayer`.
 - Property primitives: `stylePropertyOf`, `styleLocalOf`.
 - Types useful for style properties: `Breadth`, `Fill`, and `Shadows`.

The new modifiers are useful for implementing a design system using
the Styles API but are not required. A design system may use these
modifiers or provide its own.
"""

Fixes: 549921960
Test: ./gradlew :compose:foundation:foundation:test :compose:foundation:foundation:connectedAndroidTest

Change-Id: Ie7d3f42ebb556d60fa7aef061699801cdf5faf19