fix: terminal links open wrong URL for addresses with ports (#11369)

* fix: terminal URL link detection now captures port numbers in IP addresses

The link regex was designed for domain names and broke on IP:port URLs like
http://192.168.137.1:8081, only linkifying up to the IP without the port.
Simplified the http/https branch to match everything after the protocol
until whitespace.

Closes #11368

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* test: validate link href attributes in terminal URL test

The text-only assertion wouldn't catch a regression where the URL
appears in output but the <a> href is truncated (e.g. missing port).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* style: fix prettier formatting on link regex

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>