Golden file fixes (#17299)

1. Make goldenFileComparator getter return `null` if it's set to the
   uninitialized comparator, which matches the behavior of the setter
   (it sets it to the uninitialized comparator if the caller specifies
   `null`).
2. Make the uninitialized comparator return trivial success (and print
   a message) when asked to compare as opposed to throwing. This ensures
   that the comparator will play nicely with live widget bindings
3. Augment documentation
4. Add assert that test doesn't modify the value of `autoUpdateGoldenFiles`