[flutter_tools] Restrict WebAssetServer source resolution to source map extensions (#191501)

## Description
Restricts `_resolveDartFile` in `WebAssetServer` to only resolve files
with source map extensions (`.dart`, `.map`) from the project root,
package, and SDK paths, aligning behavior with `ReleaseAssetServer`.

Previously, `WebAssetServer._resolveDartFile` attempted to resolve any
relative path directly against `fileSystem.currentDirectory`, which
caused raw project files (such as `<root>/assets/...`) to be served
directly with HTTP 200 when requested by debug web runtime asset
loaders, masking invalid asset key references that failed on release web
and native platforms.

## Issues Fixed
Fixes #84346

## Pre-launch Checklist
- [x] I read the [Contributor Guide] and followed the process outlined
there for submitting PRs.
- [x] I read the [AI contribution guidelines] and understand my
responsibilities, or I am not using AI tools.
- [x] I read the [Tree Hygiene] wiki page, which explains my
responsibilities.
- [x] I read and followed the [Flutter Style Guide], including [Features
we expect every widget to implement].
- [x] I signed the [CLA].
- [x] I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description
above.
- [x] I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with `///`).
- [x] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is
[test-exempt].
- [x] I followed the [breaking change policy] and added [Data Driven
Fixes] where supported.
- [x] All existing and new tests are passing.

<!-- Links -->
[Contributor Guide]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md#overview
[AI contribution guidelines]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md#ai-contribution-guidelines
[Tree Hygiene]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md
[test-exempt]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md#tests
[Flutter Style Guide]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Style-guide-for-Flutter-repo.md
[Features we expect every widget to implement]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Style-guide-for-Flutter-repo.md#features-we-expect-every-widget-to-implement
[CLA]: https://cla.developers.google.com/
[breaking change policy]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md#handling-breaking-changes
[Data Driven Fixes]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Data-driven-Fixes.md