Require Xcode 9.0 or later for iOS builds (#13608) (#13622)

We now require Xcode 9.0, which ships with the iOS 11 SDK, for iOS
builds. This change does not affect the minimum supported iOS deployment
target, which remains iOS 8.

The iOS 11 SDK adds support for safe area insets, which model the status
bar, iPhone X home indicator, and symmetric horizontal insets to avoid
the iPhone X sensor housing when in landscape mode.

This re-lands flutter/flutter#13608 now that the devicelab Macs have
been updated to Xcode 9.