Switch to Debian bullseye, update nodejs to npm package, add flutter desktop run dependencies (#89309)

This change updates the Dockerfile for Cirrus builds:

- Switch to a newer stable Debian build (bullseye instead of stretch)
- Eliminates the very old (10) nodejs install in favor of the npm package
- Installs OpenJDK so that Android SDK manager can run on bullseye
- Installs the prerequisites for Linux desktop flutter run.

The motivation for this change was to include the dependencies for Linux desktop flutter run so that I can run tests that use desktop Flutter apps, but that needs cmake 3.10 or later, and stretch doesn't have a cmake that new. Of course, there's also no openjdk-8-jre for bullseye, so I used OpenJDK from JFrog instead.