Run 'pod install' before building iOS app. (#8609)

Since iOS builds are CocoaPods enabled by default, we should make sure to run `pod install` to get pods wired up before building the app.

Also added a check to `flutter doctor` to verify CocoaPods is installed.

I'm passing FLUTTER_FRAMEWORK_DIR to the `pod install` command, so we can have the app's Podfile link in Flutter.framework as a pod instead of having to copy it over in xcode_backend.sh.