[flutter_tools] rethrow process exceptions as tool exit from gradle build (#64745)

The flutter tool is currently unable to detect missing permissions in gradle/gradle.bat that would cause a gradle build to fail via process exception. Rather than crashing and exiting, we can display the exception as an error message and tool exit.

While linux/macOS are able to add the +x bit, this is not possible on windows with our current file system/OS API. These crashes represent a substantial amount of crash reporting, but are otherwise not actionable on our end.