Minor widget_tester refactoring and docs (#3472)

This reorders some classes so that this file makes more sense, and adds
a bunch of docs. It also makes the following changes:

* Move allElements from Instrumentation to TestWidgets. (Instrumentation
  is going away.)

* Remove findElements.

* Rename byElement to byElementPredicate

* Rename byPredicate to byWidgetPredicate

* Implement _WidgetPredicateFinder so that byWidgetPredicate has good
  messages

* Fix one use of byElementPredicate to use byWidgetPredicate.