fs: stop stat()ing every entry in recursive readdir

readdir({ recursive: true }) asked the binding for names only and then
called internalModuleStat() on every entry to find the directories to
descend into; with withFileTypes it built the Dirents and still stat()ed
every entry that was not already a directory. Both variants also ran
path.join() and path.relative() per entry to build the relative result.

Ask the binding for file types in all cases, descend into directories
directly, and only stat() symbolic links and entries of unknown type
(which is what could point to a directory). The relative name is the
parent's prefix plus the entry name. Results, their order and the
symlink-following behavior are unchanged for fs.readdirSync, fs.readdir
and fs.promises.readdir.

The known_issues test for Buffer paths (#58892) called back without
checking the error; the error now reaches the callback instead of being
thrown from the completion handler, so the test asserts success to keep
expressing the issue.

Signed-off-by: Shelley Vohr <shelley.vohr@gmail.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/65487
Reviewed-By: Yagiz Nizipli <yagiz@nizipli.com>
Reviewed-By: Gürgün Dayıoğlu <hey@gurgun.day>