New package: unhandled Exceptions logging instrumentation (#4503)

* Add opentelemetry-instrumentation-exceptions package

Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>

* Fix lint

Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>

* Fix lint

Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>

* Fix lint

Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>

* Apply changes requested in code review

Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>

* Fix ci

Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>

* Fix lint

Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>

* Fix changelog

Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>

* Apply changes in code review

Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>

* Fix ci

Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>

* Address changes requested in code review

Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>

* Make asyncio call_exception_handler wrapper a bit more robust against inputs

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Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Riccardo Magliocchetti <riccardo.magliocchetti@gmail.com>