opentelemetry-instrumentation-cassandra: implement semconv stability opt-in (#4747)

* feat(cassandra): implement semconv stability opt-in

Signed-off-by: Surbhi Dharvan <dharvansurbhi@gmail.com>

* add changelog for cassandra semconv migration

Signed-off-by: Surbhi Dharvan <dharvansurbhi@gmail.com>

* fix(cassandra): use _semconv helper functions for attribute assignment

Signed-off-by: Surbhi Dharvan <dharvansurbhi@gmail.com>

* fix(cassandra): use span.set_attributes for batch attribute setting

Signed-off-by: Surbhi Dharvan <dharvansurbhi@gmail.com>

* fix(cassandra): fix linting issues and use span.set_attributes per review

Signed-off-by: Surbhi Dharvan <dharvansurbhi@gmail.com>

* fix(cassandra): assert schema_url in semconv tests

Signed-off-by: Surbhi Dharvan <dharvansurbhi@gmail.com>

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Signed-off-by: Surbhi Dharvan <dharvansurbhi@gmail.com>