refactor: Split exceptions into a package (#14176)

* Split exceptions into a package
* Move pyproject exceptions to their own submodule
* Move wheel exceptions to their submodule
* Move uninstall exceptions to their own submodule
* Move build environment exceptions to their own submodule
* Move network exceptions to their own submodule
* Move hash exceptions to their own submodule
* Rename exceptions.build_env to build