[build] Update non-x64 sysroot to Jammy.

Adds support for BTI and MTE.
Adds support for 64-bit time on 32-bit architectures.

Increases the required version of glibc from 2.18 to 2.34.

Cq-Include-Trybots: luci.dart.try:dart-sdk-linux-arm64-try,dart-sdk-linux-riscv64-try,dart-sdk-linux-try
Bug: https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/63457
Bug: https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/63453
Change-Id: I737b889a510d63d02097909688a325a34045a0a2
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/c/sdk/+/537760
Reviewed-by: Slava Egorov <vegorov@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Ryan Macnak <rmacnak@google.com>