ci(publish): skip publish for packages not built into the images (#4821)

`publish.yml` builds the webapp and worker/supervisor images (and
dispatches the enterprise-image build off the webapp). It currently
triggers on all of `packages/**` and `internal-packages/**`, so a change
confined to a package that never lands in those images still publishes
new images.

This adds `paths` negations for packages that are not built into either
image:

- **packages** (npm-only libraries / CLI): `cli-v3`, `build`, `python`,
`react-hooks`, `rsc`, `schema-to-json`
- **internal-packages** (test/tooling only): `testcontainers`,
`sdk-compat-tests`, `observability-map`