[13.x] Add an environment filter to the `schedule:list` command (#59993)

* Filter the schedule:list output to show tasks which run on the specified environments

* Move the environment filtering logic onto the scheduler, so it's more accessible

* Move tests around

* Update phpdoc

* OS-agnostic assertion (windows outputs " vs ' on mac etc)

* Shorten the logic using array_any. Add polyfill to the console to provide it on php8.3.