collab: Store features provided by extensions in the database (#24303)

This PR adds new columns to the `extension_versions` table to record
which features an extension provides.

These `provides_*` columns are populated from the `provides` field on
the extension manifest.

We'll be able to leverage this data in the future for showing what an
extension provides in the extensions UI, as well as allowing to filter
by extensions that provide a certain feature.

Release Notes:

- N/A