[compiler] Phase 2+7: Wrap pipeline passes in tryRecord for fault tolerance (#35874)

- Change runWithEnvironment/run/compileFn to return
Result<CodegenFunction, CompilerError>
- Wrap all pipeline passes in env.tryRecord() to catch and record
CompilerErrors
- Record inference pass errors via env.recordErrors() instead of
throwing
- Handle codegen Result explicitly, returning Err on failure
- Add final error check: return Err(env.aggregateErrors()) if any errors
accumulated
- Update tryCompileFunction and retryCompileFunction in Program.ts to
handle Result
- Keep lint-only passes using env.logErrors() (non-blocking)
- Update 52 test fixture expectations that now report additional errors

This is the core integration that enables fault tolerance: errors are
caught,
recorded, and the pipeline continues to discover more errors.

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[//]: # (BEGIN SAPLING FOOTER)
Stack created with [Sapling](https://sapling-scm.com). Best reviewed
with [ReviewStack](https://reviewstack.dev/facebook/react/pull/35874).
* #35888
* #35884
* #35883
* #35882
* #35881
* #35880
* #35879
* #35878
* #35877
* #35876
* #35875
* __->__ #35874